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Bad Off

In Southern and Appalachian speech, "bad off" means in very poor condition-often seriously ill, but also used for hard times (money, work, or circumstances).

#SouthernSayings   #Appalachia   #PeopleandRelationships   #DialectandGrammar   #Southern   #BodyandHealth

synonyms: real sick, in a bad way, poorly, hard up, in rough shape

Pronunciation

[BAD off] /bæd ɔːf/

Meaning & Usage

- Seriously ill / in poor health (phrase)

Health
Clara:
How’s your uncle doin’?

Elmer:
Not good. He’s bad off with pneumonia.

- In difficult circumstances (phrase)

Hard times
Estel:
Since the plant shut down, they’re bad off-scrapin’ by on odd jobs.

Origin and Etymology

Attested in American English by the 19th century as a set phrase meaning "in a poor state." The construction persisted strongly in Southern and Appalachian speech, where it’s commonly used for both sickness and hardship.

Usage Notes

  • Common intensifiers: real bad off, awful bad off, mighty bad off.
  • Frequently used in health talk alongside expressions like what ails you or the verb ail.
  • Outside the South/Appalachia it’s understood, but the phrasing can sound old-fashioned.

Kin Topics

Related Pages

Common Questions

Does "bad off" always mean sick?
No. It most often means very ill, but can also mean in hard financial or life circumstances.
Is "bad off" only Southern?
The phrase exists in wider American English, but it’s especially natural and persistent in Southern and Appalachian speech.
Can you use it with degrees?
Yes-folks say "real bad off," "awful bad off," or "worse off" when comparing.

How to Cite This Page

  • APA (7th edition)
    The Hillbilly Dude. (2025, October 2). Bad Off. HillbillySlang.com. https://www.hillbillyslang.com/sayings/bad-off
  • MLA (9th edition)
    "The Hillbilly Dude." "Bad Off." HillbillySlang.com, 2 Oct. 2025, https://www.hillbillyslang.com/sayings/bad-off.
  • Chicago (17th edition)
    The Hillbilly Dude. "Bad Off." HillbillySlang.com. October 2, 2025. https://www.hillbillyslang.com/sayings/bad-off.
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